# Price action > Price action is the reading of a chart from price itself — highs, lows, closes and their patterns — without indicators derived from it. - Canonical: https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/price-action/ - Term set: https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/ --- Price action is chart reading with nothing between the trader and the tape: highs, lows, closes and the shapes they make, read directly rather than through an indicator calculated from them. Its vocabulary covers swings and trends, [support and resistance](/glossary/support-and-resistance/), [candlestick patterns](/glossary/candlestick-patterns/) and the ranges price returns to. Because it reads price directly, price action makes claims about price that can be measured on price. The site measured one such claim: whether chart levels carry memory. The memory the first reading found turned out to be recency. [The level that remembered nothing](/research/the-level-that-remembered-nothing/) is that reading's post-mortem, run over sixteen years of one pair's hourly bars. Recency is still information. What a level did on its most recent visit carried real information about its next one; what failed was the idea of a level storing its own history. The belief that a level is loaded because price remembers sits on the [refutation index](/refutations/#claim-2d76a6d7) as unproven, and the opposite overreach is on the [refutation index](/refutations/#claim-8821787f) as false: So price-based analysis of levels is worthless. [Smart money concepts (SMC)](/glossary/smart-money-concepts/) read the same candles through a story about institutions, and [Do order blocks predict anything?](/research/do-order-blocks-predict-anything/) measured one of its zones against recent momentum. Controlled for momentum, the zone's measure was redundant, not underpowered. What price action cannot supply is a guarantee from shape alone. A level or a pattern records what price did; whether it predicts more than recent behaviour is a measurement, made here on one instrument. This entry teaches no setup and states no win rate. ## Commonly confused with Neighbouring concepts that get used interchangeably, and the distinction that actually separates them. - **[Smart money concepts (SMC)](https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/smart-money-concepts/)** — Price action reads the chart from price alone. SMC reads the same highs, lows and imbalances through a claimed story of institutional behaviour, a label largely systematised from the ICT teachings. - **[Candlestick patterns](https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/candlestick-patterns/)** — Candlestick patterns are one vocabulary inside price action: the named arrangements of candles. Price action also reads the swings, levels and closes that no pattern name covers. - **[Support and resistance](https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/support-and-resistance/)** — Support and resistance are the levels price action most often draws. Price action is the wider reading that produces them, along with the swings and ranges between them. ## How to measure it in your own data A definition you cannot test is a definition you have to take on trust. This is the shortest honest route from the concept to a number you computed yourself. - **Records you need** — The levels and patterns you read from price, each dated when you read it, with what price did on its next visit. - **What you compute** — For each reading, compare its outcome with what the most recent behaviour at that price already predicted, fitting on the earlier history and judging on the later part you held back. - **What the answer tells you** — A reading that improves on recency carries information of its own. One that matches recency and goes no further is recency described in chart vocabulary, which is what the level study found its first reading of memory to be. ## Questions and answers ### What is price action trading? Trading from the chart's own record, its highs, lows, closes and the shapes they form, rather than from indicators calculated from price. Entries and exits are read from structure: swings, levels and how price behaves when it returns to them. ### Is there a price action tool or indicator? Any tool that draws levels or patterns applies a rule to price, so it is price action written down as a rule. That makes it measurable: the rule's readings can be judged on data it was not built on. ### Does price action work for day trading? The site's measurement ran on sixteen years of one currency pair's hourly bars, not on day-trading timeframes. It found that level memory reduced to recency, and that what a level did on its most recent visit did carry information about the next. ## Related terms Derived from the links this entry makes and the entries that link back to it. - [Candlestick patterns](https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/candlestick-patterns/) Candlestick patterns are named arrangements of one or more candles — their bodies, wicks and closes — read as signs of what price may do next. - [Smart money concepts (SMC)](https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/smart-money-concepts/) Smart money concepts is a retail methodology label for reading charts through claimed institutional behaviour — market structure, liquidity pools, imbalances and premium-discount ranges — largely systematised from the ICT teachings. - [Support and resistance](https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/support-and-resistance/) Support and resistance are price levels where falling price has tended to stop and rising price has tended to stall. ## Cite This Definition APA BibTeX HTML Hadal Instruments. (2026). Price action. Hadal Glossary. https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/price-action/ Version dbd9b80, 2026-09-23. @misc{hadal_2026_price-action, author = {Hadal Instruments}, title = {Price action}, year = {2026}, url = {https://hadalinstruments.com/glossary/price-action/}, howpublished = {Hadal Glossary}, version = {dbd9b80}, note = {Pre-launch publication; version dated 2026-09-23} } Source: Hadal Instruments, Price action. Original Research Copy Citation **Version dbd9b80** identifies the commit that last changed this page in Hadal's content repository. That repository is not public, so the identifier does not resolve externally — it is published so a citation pins one specific state rather than a moving page. To obtain the exact version cited, use the [press and research route](https://hadalinstruments.com/press/).